美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马本周将敦促国会永久性延长企业研发的税收优惠，以鼓励就业增长。
Obama will lay out the proposal, which would cost about $100 billion over the next decade, in a Sept. 8 speech on the economy in Cleveland, Ohio, according to two administration officials speaking on condition of anonymity before the announcement.
两位在讲话公布前不愿透露姓名的官员透露，奥巴马将在9月8日在俄亥俄州克利夫兰就经济政策发表讲话，宣布制定这个将在未来10年的耗资约1000亿美元的方案。
Obama has promised to roll out “new ideas” to boost growth and spur hiring as he focuses on the economy with less than two months until the November congressional elections.
奥巴马承诺推出“新思维”，以促进经济成长和刺激就业。在还有不到两个月就举行的11月份国会选举前，奥巴马都将把重点放在经济政策上。
The Labor Department reported last week that private payrolls climbed 67,000 in August, more than forecast, though the unemployment rate rose to 9.6 percent from 9.5 percent as more people looked for work.
美国劳工部上周报道，8月份私营部门就业人数超预期上升到67,000，但随着更多的人寻找工作而失业率从9.5%上升至9.6%。
Every president since Bill Clinton has backed a permanent extension of the research and development tax credit, which Congress only temporarily extends because of its high cost.
从比尔·克林顿以来，历任美国总统都支持永久性延长企业研发的税收优惠。而由于耗资巨大，美国国会只暂时性延长该税收优惠。
“The business community is on board for the R-and-D tax credit,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, on the CBS “Face the Nation” program. Still, he said Obama will “have to take some of the corporate tax benefits away to pay for it.”
“工商界支持对企业研发的税收优惠”穆迪市场分析部的首席经济学家Mark Zandi在哥伦比亚广播公司“面对全国”节目中说道。不过，他说，奥巴马将“不得不取消某些企业的税收优惠来弥补这项优惠。”
Laura D’Andrea Tyson, an economics professor at the University of California at Berkeley and member of Obama’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board, said on CBS the research tax credit is “very important in terms of job creation over the longer term.” She also suggested a suspension of the payroll tax for businesses that hire new workers would have a more immediate impact.
加州大学伯克利分校经济学教授兼奥巴马经济复苏顾问委员会成员Laura D’Andrea Tyson，在哥伦比亚广播公司说道，企业研发的税收优惠“对长期创造就业机会方面是非常重要的。”她还建议暂免雇用新员工的企业的税收将有更立竿见影的效果。
Election-Year Politics
选举年政治
Obama’s proposal will run up against the congressional calendar as well as election-year politics. The Senate is scheduled to return to Washington Sept. 13 and the House the next day. Lawmakers will be at work for about three weeks before leaving again to campaign.
奥巴马的计划将与国会的日程和选举年政治相冲突。参议院定于9月13日，而众议院则将于9月14日返回华盛顿复会。立法者将工作约三个星期，然后就离开进行竞选工作。
Republican Senator John McCain of Arizona said today he doubts Obama’s proposals will help Democrats in the congressional elections.
共和党亚利桑那州参议员约翰·麦凯恩今天说，他怀疑奥巴马的计划将有助于民主党在国会选举。
“They are just flailing around,” McCain, his party’s 2008 presidential nominee, said on the “Fox News Sunday” program. “If we had done this kind of thing nearly a couple of years ago we’d be in a lot better shape.”
“他们只是在摆姿态，”麦凯恩，共和党的2008年总统候选人，在“福克斯周日新闻”节目上说道。 “如果我们在几年前就做了采取了类似的措施，我们现在的情况会好很多。”
Obama and his economic team must balance the proposals against their own projections of a budget deficit that will hit a record $1.47 trillion this year and $1.42 trillion in 2011.
奥巴马和他的经济团队必须在该计划和他们自己预测的权衡的今年达到创纪录的1.47万亿美元、2011年达到1.42万亿美元的财政赤字之间保持平衡。
Infrastructure
基础设施
White House economic advisers are also considering additional measures, including more tax breaks for small businesses and new spending on infrastructure, according to congressional aides familiar with the discussions who spoke on condition of anonymity because talks are preliminary.
知情的国会助手透露白宫的经济顾问还在考虑其他措施，包括针对中小企业的减税和投资新的基础设施。由于讨论还在初级阶段，该助手不愿意透露姓名。
In addition to new measures that would spur hiring, the president last week again urged Congress to pass legislation to help small businesses, including $12 billion in tax breaks and $30 billion worth of aid to free up credit. The House has already passed the bill. Senate Republicans blocked the legislation before lawmakers left for their summer recess.
除了采取新措施刺激就业，奥巴马总统上周再次敦促国会通过帮助中小企业的立法，其中包括120亿美元的减税和价值300亿美元的信贷担保。众议院已经通过了该法案。参议院的共和党议员在夏季休会前否决了这一法案。
Todd McCracken, president of National Small Business Association, said today on CNN’s “State of the Union” the bill would free up credit for small companies at a low cost to the government. Such companies need access to credit to be able to “exploit the opportunities” to create new jobs, he said.
全国中小企业协会会长Todd McCracken在CNN的“国家联盟”节目中说道，该法案将使政府付出很低成本来为中小企业提供信贷。他说，这些企业需要获得信贷，以便能够“充分挖掘机会”来创造新的就业机会。
‘Pretty Grim’
“非常严峻”
“It’s pretty grim out there,” McCracken said. “A lot of small businesses do see some opportunities, but most of them are kind of in a stagnant or even a downward growth piece right now.”
“现在已经非常严峻了”McCracken说道， “很多中小企业看到了机会，但其中大多数现在还是停滞不前，甚至增长下滑。”
AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka, also on CNN, said more lending to small businesses and extending the research tax credit may not be enough. The U.S. needs to spend on long-term infrastructure projects to move the economy forward, he said.
美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会主席Richard Trumka在也CNN说道，增加中小企业贷款和延长企业研发的税收优惠可能还是不够的。他说道，美国需要增加长期基础设施的投资以推动经济成长。
Obama also is seeking an extension of most of the income tax cuts passed under former President George W. Bush while letting the breaks expire for households making more than $250,000 annually. Republicans want to extend all the tax cuts and some Democrats have indicated they may resist letting the top rates rise.
奥巴马也正在寻求对延长前任总统乔治·布什时期的大部分所得税减免，但家庭年收入超过25万美元的税收优惠则将到期结束。共和党人希望延长所有的税收减免，而一些民主党人则表示他们可能会坚持增加最高收入群体的税率。
Tax Increase
加税
“This is the wrong time to increase taxes on anybody,” McCracken said. Though the tax for those earning more than $250,000 a year affects only a “fraction” of small businesses, those are the more successful ones that are more likely to be adding jobs, he said.
“现在不是时候对任何人加税”McCracken说道。他说道，虽然对于那些家庭年收入超过25万美元的人加税只影响“一小部分”中小企业，但这些都是一些较为成功的企业，并且更有可能增加就业机会。
Trumka said the “vast majority” of new jobs are being created by the “other 97 percent” of small businesses that wouldn’t be affected by letting the highest earners’ tax cuts expire.
Trumka说道：“绝大多数”的新增就业机会是由“其他97%”的中小企业创造，而他们不会受针对最高收入者的减税措施期满结束影响。
Extending 2001 and 2003 tax cuts for individuals earning less than $200,000 annually and families earning less than $250,000 -- about 98 percent of all taxpayers -- would cost $2.2 trillion in forgone revenue over the next decade, according to an analysis of government data released Sept. 2 by the Pew Economic Group.
根据皮尤经济小组对9月2日公布的政府数据的分析，不计算未来十年的财政收入，延长2001年和2003年的减税措施中针对个人收入低于20万美元和家庭年收入少于25万美元——约占全部纳税人的98%——的部分 将耗资2.2万亿美元。
Extending all of the tax cuts, including those for the wealthiest Americans, would cost $3.3 trillion over the same period, Pew’s analysis found.
皮尤经济小组的经济学家发现，若延长所有人的税收减免，包括那些最富有的美国人来，在相同的时期将耗资3.3万亿美元。
